THE LEGEND OF BOB MARLEY

Bob Marley Biography - An Introduction

The Bob Marley biography provides testament to the unparalleled influence of his artistry upon global culture. Since his passing on May 11, 1981, Bob Marley's legend looms larger than ever, as evidenced by an ever-lengthening list of accomplishments attributable to his music, which identified oppressors and agitated for social change while simultaneously allowing listeners to forget their troubles and dance.
Bob Marley was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994; in December 1999, his 1977 album "Exodus" was named Album of the Century by Time Magazine and his song "One Love" was designated Song of the Millennium by the BBC. Since its release in 1984, Marley's "Legend" compilation has annually sold over 250,000 copies according to Nielsen Sound Scan, and it is only the 17th album to exceed sales of 10 million copies since SoundScan began its tabulations in 1991. Bob Marley's music was never recognized with a Grammy nomination but in 2001 he was bestowed The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, an honor given by the Recording Academy to "performers who during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording." That same year, a feature length documentary about Bob Marley's life, Rebel Music, directed by Jeremy Marre, was nominated for a Grammy for Best Long Form Music Video documentary. In 2001 Bob Marley was accorded the 2171st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Historic Trust and the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, in Hollywood, California. As a recipient of this distinction, Bob Marley joined musical legends including Carlos Santana, Stevie Wonder and The Temptations.
In 2006 an eight block stretch of Brooklyn's bustling Church Avenue, which runs through the heart of that city's Caribbean community, was renamed Bob Marley Boulevard, the result of a campaign initiated by New York City councilwoman Yvette D. Clarke. This year the popular TV show Late Night with Jimmy Fallon commemorated the 30th anniversary of Bob Marley's passing with an entire week (May 9-13) devoted to his music, as performed by Bob's eldest son Ziggy, Jennifer Hudson, Lauryn Hill, Lenny Kravitz and the show's house band The Roots. These triumphs are all the more remarkable considering Bob Marley's humble beginnings and numerous challenges he overcame attempting to gain a foothold in Jamaica's chaotic music industry while skillfully navigating the politically partisan violence that abounded in Kingston throughout the 1970s.
One of the 20th century's most charismatic and challenging performers, Bob Marley's renown now transcends the role of reggae luminary: he is regarded as a cultural icon who implored his people to know their history "coming from the root of King David, through the line of Solomon," as he sang on "Blackman Redemption"; Bob urged his listeners to check out the "Real Situation" and to rebel against the vampiric "Babylon System". "Bob had a rebel type of approach, but his rebelliousness had a clearly defined purpose to it," acknowledges Chris Blackwell, the founder of Island Records, who played a pivotal role in the Bob Marley biography by introducing Marley and the Wailers to an international audience. "It wasn't just mindless rebelliousness, he was rebelling against the circumstances in which he and so many people found themselves."

http://www.bobmarley.com/life_and_legacy.php/

a short history

How did English reach the special position in which it finds itself today?    Mostly, the rise of English to its position as the world's main international language was a result of chance. Britain was the world's most active colonial  nation in the 19th century, and British explorers and colonists took their language with them wherever they went. English became the official language of most of Britain's colonies. In the 20th century, America has been the world's most powerful nation - and Americans have brought the English language to other countries of the world. 
     The importance of American international corporations has made sure that English has remained the international language of business; and Hollywood and the music industry have made sure that it has become the principal language for the media and showbiz.

     The success story of English has been due partly to the nature of the language, but more to the fact that it  had developed into a mature national language just when the countries of Europe were beginning to expand their influence and spread their culture all over the world.
     Over a thousand years ago, when the roots of modern Europe were being formed, western Europe was divided into three sections: in the East there were people who spoke Slavonic languages, in the middle there were people speaking Germanic languages (including Scandinavians), and in the south and west there were people speaking "Romance" languages, derived from Latin. In the far west of Europe, there were also people speaking Celtic languages, such as Gaelic.
     In those days, England was a Germanic country; its people spoke a variety of Germanic languages including forms of Danish and Anglo Saxon, as well as some Celtic languages.
     In 1066, England was conquered by the Normans, from France, who brought with them their own langage - Norman French - a Romance language.
     In the years that followed, the nobility of England spoke French and read Latin, while the ordinary people spoke varieties of old English; but since they existed side by side, the two languages immediately began to influence each other. Norman French became Anglo-Norman, and Old English, picking up lots of vocabulary from Anglo-Normans, evolved into Middle English. Middle English was thus rather different from other European languages. It was partly Germanic (particularly the vocabulary of everyday life, the grammar and structures), and partly Romance (a lot of the more litterary vocabulary). It was even influenced to a small degree by the Celtic languages which remained alive in Cornwall and other parts of the British Isles.
      Eventually, since Middle English was spoken by far the largest part of the population, it became the dominant language in England; and by the 14th century, it was well on the way to becoming the national language, not just for everyday life, but for administration and litterature too.
      Finally, English also replaced Latin as the language of the church. The Bible had been translated into English in the 14th century; but it was not until the Protestant reformation of the 16th century, that  English became the language of church services. From then on, its position as the national language of Britain, was firmly established. And it was just at the right moment.
     English became the established national language just at the point in history when colonial expansion was beginning. It was the spoken and written language of the first men and women from Britain to settle in  the Americas; and it was a language that went round the world with England's early traders and commercial adventurers.
     By the year1700, England had become the world's leading nation  in terms of international trade, ensuring that the English language was taken all over the world as the principal language of international commerce.

Understanding English

     Since English is at the dividing line of the two principal families of language used in Western Europe today, most people from Spain to Scandinavia can recognise something of their own language in English.
     For example, if you speak a Germanic language (German, Dutch, or a Scandinavian language), you do not need to have learned much (or even any) English to understand this sentence:
     The man forgot to water his garden last night
Anyone who speaks French or Spanish or Italian, should be able to understand this English sentence without too much difficulty:
     Indicate if you have a difficult problem.     
As English is half way between two different language groups, speakers of other languages have often found it easy to communicate in English, even without paying attention to grammar!

     Nevertheless, grammar is important; for without grammar, no language can survive. Grammar is the cement with which the bricks of language are held together. Without it, even messages in simple English can be quite impossible to understand.
     Just look at the importance of word order in these simple examples, which are entirely different in meaning: 
     The man the woman saw was hungry.
     The man saw the woman was hungry.
Or look at the radical difference in meaning between these two sentences:
     This is a story forgotten by Charles Dickens.
     This is a forgotten story by Charles Dickens.     

Modern English

In recent times, as English has become a global language, used in different places all over the world, it has become a much richer language than in the past. It has picked up new words from other cultures, other languages, such as bungalow (from India),  détente (from French), kebab (from Turkey), potato (from American Indian) - plus a lot of modern slang from America.
     Today, both grammar and vocabulary are still changing. There is no such thing as "official English"; neither Britain nor the USA has anything official like the "Académie Française" to decide what is acceptable and what is not. The most accepted sources of reference are the famous English dictionaries - Websters for the USA and the Oxford English Dictionary for British English. Like other dictionaries however, they are descriptive not prescriptive - i.e. they describe language as it is used, they do not tell people what they can or should say or should not say.
     Today's English is different from the English of 100 years ago; it is pronounced differently too - and no doubt, it will be even more different in 100 years' time.

http://linguapress.com/grammar/english.htm

NOUN PHRASES, Countable and uncountable noun

NOUN PHRASESA phrase (= phrase) is a group of words in which there is one main word (= headword) with other words to explain the principal said.Objects phrase (Noun pharases):An object phrase is a phrase in which the word is a noun primarily with other words that describe the noun.Word or words that describe this could be situated in front of or behind the noun.Formation of Objects phrase:Objects can be in the form of phrases with wording as follows:1. a) Idefinite Article + Nounthat the purpose of the article is the word Idefinite (clothing) a and an.Example: a truck an examination an investmentThe series says a truck is a noun phrase, a noun describes truck; truck is the head (headword) in the phrase, a word is a word that describes the head.Explanation:# A or one's means (a, a, a, a, etc.) and put that in front of the noun explained.# A is used when the word that follows begins with the sound off, for example: a man, a star etc.. An berikunya used when the word beginning with the sound of life, for example: an astrich, an exam, etc..# A or an only followed by kat objects that can be counted (countable nouns) and a number one or a singular noun (singular).b) Definite Article + Nounis the definite article is the word clothing.Example: the ship the soup the cars the modelsSeries of words he said above is the phrase object. The noun menarangkan ship, soup, cars models. Words ship, soup, cars, models are the words of the head; explained the chief said.Explanation:# The often interpreted: the, the, earlier.# The objects that can be followed by one or a number of single, for example, the sea, the process, etc., or followed by the object of more than one or plural, as the people, the poets, etc., and can also be followed by an object that is not can be calculated, for example, the water, the nitrogen.

c) Demonstrative Adjective + Nounis a demonstrative adjective is a word this, these, that, and those.Example: This song That poem those disastersThat these tragedies this liquid strangerExplanation:# This and that is used when a single object or if the object can not be calculated; these and those when the object plural.

d) possesive Adjective + Nounis a possessive adjective is a word that states the owner of something, for example my, yours, his, her, its, our, their, jean's, Mr.Jones', dab.Example: Her computers your ideas brittany's questionExplanation:# A person or thing to be the owner of something expressed by 's, such as Han's house, the sun's energy, etc..# If the owner is over with-s, just add a sign (') no-s, for example, Hans' racket, students', and so on.2. Numerals (the numbers)The meaning of numerals is one, two, three, ten, etc..Example: two tympanis (= two timpani)Four members (= four members)Three guest (= three guests)

3. Quantitative adjective + NounIs a word which specifies the number of an object, for example, some, any, much, many, a lot of, few, a little, and so on.Example: some much wine many marvels wifeExplanation:# Some and any means 'some' or 'a little'. Some are used to explain any and all objects (singular, plural, countable, uncountable).# Mean much and many more. Much to explain uncountable nouns; many for countable nouns.# A lot of things to explain the plural and uncountable nouns.# Few and a little mean little (less than some or any). Few to explain plural nouns: a little to explain uncountable nouns.4. Qualitative adjective + NounIs a word that shows the nature or state of an object, for example: white, large, important, harmless, etc..Example: clear sky kind treatments underpaid worksNoun phrase with the formation ofOf is used to merge two nouns or noun phrases, which are in front of the noun is part of or belongs in the back of noun and noun phrases to form a new whole; phrase this thing can still be connected to the other of the phrases to infinity.Example: the roof of the house (= roof of the house)

                                                



                                                   


 Explanation Countable and uncountable noun - On this occasion, the authors present grammar explanation on Countable and uncountable noun. Must have been many who know what it Countable noun or uncountable noun, because of the differences and similarities are apparent from its name. Countable (Count + able) noun is a noun that can be counted, while uncountable (count + + Un able) noun is a noun that can not be calculated.Countable NounsCountable nouns are the names of separate objects, ideas, etc. that living things can be calculated. There are three characteristics of countable nouns, namely:1. Course can be counted.

    One book
    Two books
    Five bags
    A pen2. Has a plural form (plural) are marked with the suffix -s/-es, or with irregular shapes.

    A book into two books
    A glass into three glasses
    A child being five children

 3. In front of nouns can be used contable a / an

    A dictionary
    An actor
    A bookUncountable nounsWhile called uncountable noun, or also can be called non-count noun or a mass noun is the name of the material, liquid, abstract objects, collections, and other objects which we see as an object without clear boundaries and is not a separate objects.Examples of uncountable nounsBelow is an example of a noun which is generally used as uncountable nouns.1. Group of several similar objects, such as furniture noun is uncountable noun as furniture used as a term to describe all kinds of things belonging to furniture such as chairs, tables, and other sebaginya. The other examples are: Furniture, food, fruit, clothing, junk, jewelary, equipment, postage, baggage, grabage, hardware, luggage, machinery, mail, makeup, etc.2. Noun liquid (liquids / fluids), such as: Water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline, blood, etc.3. Said solids (solids), such as: Ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, iron, silver, glass, paper, wood, catton, etc.4. Noun gases (greenhouse gases), such as: Steam, water, oxygen, nitrogen, smoke, pollution, ect.5. Noun consisting of small objects that are difficult to quantify (particles), such as: Rice, corn, dirt, flour, grass, dust, salt, sand, sugar, wheat, ect.6. Abstract nouns (abstractions), which is realized as a noun can not be perceived by our senses, but the noun form of ideas, gagasa, which only exists in our minds, such as: Beauty, confindence, courage, education, fun, enjoyment, health , time, information, news, space, grammar, vocabulary, work, homework, ect.7. Diversity of languages ​​(languages), such as: Arabic, Indonesian, English, Chinese, Spanish, ect.8. The names of the subjects (field of studies), such as: Chemistry, mathematics, literature, psychology, history, engineering, scinetis, ect.9. The names of activity (activities), such as: Swimming, driving, singing, dancing, ect.10. The names of the appearance of nature (natural phenomena), such as: Weather, fog, heat, lightning, rain, snow, thunder, wind, darkness, light, sunshine, fire, gravity, humidity, ect.
The characteristics of uncountable nounsThe following are characteristics of uncountable nouns, check this out:1. Uncountable nouns can not be calculated and thus can not be preceded by the word number, for example through:

    I need milk. No, I need two belong.
    I am dirnking water. No, I am drinking water one.2. Uncountable nouns have no plural form (plural) with the suffix-s /-es as a marker, for example:

    We drink some coffee. No, We buy some coffees.
    My mother needs some milk. No, My mother needs some milks.3. Indifinite uncountable nouns do not use the article a / an, for example:

    I like coffee. No, I like a coffee.
    He likes music. Instead, He likes a music.Being Revamped uncountable Countable NounIn uncountable nouns we can set its countable noun by adding restrictions on the uncountable nouns. So uncountable nouns which was not in the right countable, if it gets clear boundaries, then the uncountable nouns can be countable-kan, for example:I need tea (uncountable) be I need a cup of tea (countable)I drink milk (uncountable) I drinkk into a glass of milk (countable)A cup of, a glass is an example of the added restrictions if you want to change the uncountable nouns into countable nouns. In the following is a list of uncountable nouns and the corresponding limits for each of the noun.1. Uncountable nouns to nouns molten (liquid):

    A liter of ... (A liter), for example: There is a liter of water in the kitchen.
    A gallon of ... (A gallon), for example: There is about a gallon of water in the bathroom.
    A glass of ... (Glass), for example: I need a glass of water.
    A cup of ... (Cup), for example: My little brother always brings a bottle of milk to school every day.
    A bottle of ... (Bottle), for example: I always drink a cup of coffee in the morning.
    A can of ... (Tin), for example: There is a can of beer on the table.2. For the noun form of the word solids (solid):

    A piece of ... (A), for example: I am eating a piece of cake.
    A lump of ... (Lump), for example: We still have a lump of sugar.
    A bar of ... (A), for example: We want to but a bar of chocolate.
    A blade of ... (Sebilah / a), for example: Who put a blade of grass in the table?
    A speck of ... (A), for example: I saw a speck of dirt on your skirt.
    A block of ... (A / hunk), for example: We need a block of ice.
    A sheet of ... (A), for example: Do you need a sheet of paper?
    A flash of ... (Particle), for example: I could see a flash of lightning in the darkness.
    A pile of ... (Stack), for example: There is a pile of rubbish beside the street.
    A strand of ... (A), for example: There is a strand of hair in your shoulder.
    A grain of ... (A), for example: The bird is eating a grain of wheat.


 http://irsan90.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/noun-phrases/

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2012/03/penjelasan-countable-dan-uncountable.html 

www.gunadarma.ac.id 

passive voice

 

Passive voice is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by the verb.

 kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

 example passive voice :
The novel was read by Mom in one day.
The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.
That piece is really enjoyed by the choir.
Every night the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.
My sales ad was not responded to by anyone.
The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow.
Sugar cane is raised by some people in Hawaii.

example active voice :
 
Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.
Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah.
We are going to watch a movie tonight.
The crew paved the entire stretch of highway.
I will clean the house every Saturday.
The staff is required to watch a safety video every year.
The choir really enjoys that piece.


Rumus passive voice :

PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
S + IS/AM/ARE + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I am called by the teacher
2. Mimy is bitten by a little dog
3. The house is sold by the owner.

2. Present Continuous Tense
S + AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I am being called by the teacher
2. Mimy is being bitten by a little dog
3. The house is being sold by the owner.

3. Present Perfect Tense
S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I have been called by the teacher
2. Mimy has been bitten by a little dog
3. The house has been sold by the owner.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I have been being called by the teacher
2. Mimy has been being bitten by a little dog
3. The house has been being sold by the owner.

PAST
1. Simple Past Tense
S + WAS/WERE + V 3
Contohnya:

1. We were called by the teacher
2. Mimy was bitten by a little dog
3. The house was sold by the owner.

2. Past Continuous Tense
S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:

1. We were being called by the teacher
2. Mimy was being bitten by a little dog
3. The house was being sold by the owner.

3. Past Perfect Tense
S + HAD + BEEN + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I had been called by the teacher
2. Mimy had been bitten by a little dog
3. The house had been sold by the owner.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
S + HAD + BEEN + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I had been being called by the teacher
2. Mimy had been being bitten by a little dog
3. The house had been being sold by the owner.

FUTURE
1. Simple Future Tense
S + WILL + BE + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I will be called by the teacher
2. Mimy will be bitten by a little dog
3. The house will be sold by the owner.

2. Future Continuous Tense
S + WILL + BE + BEING + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I will be being called by the teacher
2. Mimy will be being bitten by a little dog
3. The house will be being sold by the owner.

3. Future Perfect Tense
S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I will have been called by the teacher
2. Mimy will have been bitten by a little dog
3. The house will have been sold by the owner.

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN +BEING + V 3
Contohnya:

1. I will have been being called by the teacher
2. Mimy will have been being bitten by a little dog
3. The house will have been being sold by the owner.

http://mbokratu.wordpress.com/2011/01/28/rumus-passive-voices/
www.gunadarma.ac.id

First, Second, and Third Conditional

First, Second, and Third Conditional

Conditional type zero is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts or things which always happen under certain conditions.

Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Present

Use:

The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true, scientific facts, general truths:
Examples:

If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
If I wake up early, I go jogging.
NOTE: you can use "when" instead of "if".

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form:

If + Simple Present, + Simple Future

Use

Conditional Sentences Type 1 refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.
Example:

If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.

I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form:

if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

Were / Was

In conditional type 2, we usually use in the if clause "were" instead of "was" even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it. "were" here is a subjunctive form.
NOTE "was" is also a possible form.

Example:

If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.

Use

Conditional Sentences Type 2 refer to an action in the present that could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.

Example:

If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.

Form:

if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle

Use

Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to past given situations.

1. First conditional
   1. Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
   2. Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
      e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
      If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.
   
   
2. Second conditional
   1. Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
   2. Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
      e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
      If I were you, I would tell my father.
      Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)
      If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)
      If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
      If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
   
   
3. Third conditional
   1. Nature: unreal
   2. Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
      e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).     

1. First conditional:	If I have enough money, I will go to london chelsea.
2. Second conditional:	If I had enough money, I would go to london chelsea.
3. Third conditional:	If I had had enough money, I would have gone to london chelsea

 http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-conditionals.php

www.gunadarma.ac,id

keuntungan, kerugian, dan kelemahan etika utilitarianisme

 Analisis Keuntungan dan Kerugian

Manfaat dan kerugian sangat dikaitkan dengan semua orang yang terkait, sehingga analisis keuntungan dan kerugian tidak lagi semata-mata tertuju langsung pada keuntungan bagi perusahaan.

Analisis keuntungan dan kerugian dalam kerangka etika bisnis:

 Keuntungan dan kerugian, yang dianalisis tidak dipusatkan pada keuntungan dan kerugian perusahaan.

 Analisis keuntungan dan kerugian tidak ditempatkan dalam kerangka uang.

 Analisis keuntungan dan kerugian untuk jangka panjang.

Kelemahan Etika Utilitarianisme

a. Manfaat merupakan konsep yang begitu luas sehingga dalam kenyataan praktis akan menimbulkan kesulitan yang tidak sedikit.

b. Etika utilitarianisme tidak pernah menganggap serius nilai suatu tindakan pada dirinya sendiri dan hanya memperhatikan niali suatu tindakan sejauh berkaitan dengan akibatnya.

c. Etika utilitarianisme tidak pernah menganggap serius kemauan baik seseorang.

d. Variable yang dinilai tidak semuanya dapat dikualifikasi.

e. Seandainya ketiga kriteria dari etika utilitarianisme saling bertentangan, maka akan ada kesulitan dalam menentukan prioritas di antara ketiganya.

f. Etika utilitarianisme membenarkan hak kelompok minoritas tertentu dikorbankan demi kepentingan mayoritas.

www.gunadarma.ac.id

sumber : 

http://susianty.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/etika-utilitarianisme-dalam-bisnis/

etika utilitarianisme

Etika Utilitarianisme 
adalah tentang bagaimana menilai baik buruknya suatu kebijaksanaan sosial politik, ekonomi dan legal secara moral.

Nilai nilai dari etika utilitarisme adalah Rasionalitas, Utilitarianisme sangat menghargai kebebasan setiap pelaku moral, dan bersifat Universalitas.
Didalam berbisbnis etika utilitarianisme sangat baik untuk digunakan, karena etika ini mempunyai unsure unsure nilai Rasionalitas, sangat menghargai kebebasan setiap pelaku moral, yang berarti tidak memaksakan kehendak kepada orang lain dan etika ini bersifat Universal artinya etika ini sudah mendunia karena etika ini bersifat Universal.

Utilitarianisme Sebagai Proses dan Sebagai Standar Penilaian :

 Etika utilitarianisme digunakan sebagai proses untuk mengambil keputusan, kebijaksanaan atau untuk bertindak.
 Etika Utilitarianisme sebagai standar penilaian bagi tindakan atau kebijaksanaan yang telah dilakukan.


Kriteria dan Prinsip Etika Utilitarianisme yaitu :

- Manfaat.
- Manfaat terbesar.
- Manfaat terbesar bagi sebanyak mungkin orang.



Nilai positif dalam Etika Utilitarianism :
- Rasionalitas Semua tindakan mesti dinilai benar/baik atau salah/jelek semata-mata berdasarkan konsekuensi atau akibat nya 

- Menghargai kebebasan setiap pelaku moralDalam menilai konsekuensi atau akibat, satu-satunya hal yang penting adalah jumlah kebahagiaan atau penderitaan yang dihasilkannya. Jadi, tindakan yang benar adalah yang menghasilkan surplus kebahagiaan terbesar ketimbang penderitaan.

- UniversalitasSebagai contoh dalam mengkalkulasi kebahagiaan atau penderitaan yang dihasilkan, tidak boleh kebahagiaan seseorang dianggap lebih penting daripada kebahagiaan orang lain.

www.gunadarma.ac.id

sumber :

http://ocktavianti.blogspot.com/2010/12/etika-utilitarianisme.html

http://edwardferdinandonly.blogspot.com/2010/12/tugas-etika-bisnis-bab-3.html